Quality Management (II) - PMBOK
Project Quality Management addresses the management of the project and the deliverables of the project.
Quality and grade are not the same concepts.
Quality is the "degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements" (ISO 9000)[10].
Grade is a category assigned to deliverables having the same functional use but different technical characteristics.
While a quality level that fails to meet quality requirements is always a problem, a low grade of quality may not be a problem.
The project management team should determine the appropriate levels of accuracy and precision for use in the quality management plan.
Precision is a measure of exactness.
Accuracy is an assessment of correctness.
Arrows clustered tightly in one area of the target, even if they are not clustered in the bull's eye, are considered to have high precision.
Targets where the arrows are more both tightly grouped and within the bull's eye are considered to be both accurate and precise.
Quality management approaches seek to minimize variation : Customer satisfaction/Prevention over inspection/Continuous improvement (PDCA - Plan-Do-Check-Act - defined by Shewart and modified by Deming, Total Quality Management [TQM],Six Sigma, Lean Six Sigma, Malcolm Baldridge, Organizational Project Management Maturity Model [OPM3], Capability Maturity Model Integrated [CMMI])/Management Responsibility/Cost of Quality [COQ]
--------- Plan Quality Management: Inputs: Project Management Plan (Scope baseline, WBS, WBS dictionary, Schedule baseline, Cost baseline, other management plans) / Stakeholder register / Risk register / Requirements documentation / Enterprise Environmental factors / Organizational process assets Tools and Techniques: Cost Benefit Analysis/Cost of quality (coq)/Seven Basic Quality tools [Cause and effect diagrams {aka Fishbone diagrams, Ishikawa diagrams}, Flow charts, Checksheets {tally sheets}, Pareto diagrams, Histograms, Control charts, Scatter diagrams {correlation diagrams}] / Benchmarking / Design of experiments / Statistical sampling / Additional Quality Planning Tools {Brainstorming, Force field analysis, Nominal group technique, Quality Management and control tools} / Meetings Outputs: Quality Management plan / Process Improvement plan {Process boundaries, Process configuration, Process metrics, Targets for improved performance} / Quality Metrics / Quality checklist / Project Document updates ----- Perform Quality Assurance: Is the process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality control measurements to ensure that appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used. Facilitates improvement of quality processes. Inputs: Quality Management plan / Process Improvement plan / Quality Metrics / Quality Control Measurements / Project documents Tools and Techniques : Quality Management and control tools {Affinity diagrams, Process decision program charts(PDPC), Interrelationship digraphs, Tree diagrams (aka systematic diagrams), Prioritization matrices, Activity network diagrams (include both Activity on Arrow (AOA) and Activity on Node(AON)), Matrix diagrams, Quality audits, Process analysis Outputs: Change Requests / Project Management plan updates / Project document updates / Organizational process assets updates ----------- Control Quality: Control Quality is the process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes. Prevention - Keeping errors out of the process inspection - keeping errors out of the hands of the customer Attribute sampling - the result either conforms or does not conform Variables sampling - the result is rated on a continuous scale that measures the degree of conformity Tolerances - specified range of acceptable results Control limits - that identifies the boundaries of common variation in a statistically stable process or process performance Inputs: Project Management plan / Quality Metrics { function points, mean time between failure, mean time to repair } / Quality checklists / Work performance data / Approved change requests / Deliverables / Project documents / Organizational process assets Tools and Techniques: Seven basic quality tools / Statistical sampling / Inspection / Approved change requests review Outputs: Quality control measurements / Validated changes / Verified deliverables {input to validate scope for formal acceptance} / Work performance information / Change requests / Project management plan updates / Project document updates / Organizational Process assets updates
Quality and grade are not the same concepts.
Quality is the "degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements" (ISO 9000)[10].
Grade is a category assigned to deliverables having the same functional use but different technical characteristics.
While a quality level that fails to meet quality requirements is always a problem, a low grade of quality may not be a problem.
The project management team should determine the appropriate levels of accuracy and precision for use in the quality management plan.
Precision is a measure of exactness.
Accuracy is an assessment of correctness.
Arrows clustered tightly in one area of the target, even if they are not clustered in the bull's eye, are considered to have high precision.
Targets where the arrows are more both tightly grouped and within the bull's eye are considered to be both accurate and precise.
Quality management approaches seek to minimize variation : Customer satisfaction/Prevention over inspection/Continuous improvement (PDCA - Plan-Do-Check-Act - defined by Shewart and modified by Deming, Total Quality Management [TQM],Six Sigma, Lean Six Sigma, Malcolm Baldridge, Organizational Project Management Maturity Model [OPM3], Capability Maturity Model Integrated [CMMI])/Management Responsibility/Cost of Quality [COQ]
--------- Plan Quality Management: Inputs: Project Management Plan (Scope baseline, WBS, WBS dictionary, Schedule baseline, Cost baseline, other management plans) / Stakeholder register / Risk register / Requirements documentation / Enterprise Environmental factors / Organizational process assets Tools and Techniques: Cost Benefit Analysis/Cost of quality (coq)/Seven Basic Quality tools [Cause and effect diagrams {aka Fishbone diagrams, Ishikawa diagrams}, Flow charts, Checksheets {tally sheets}, Pareto diagrams, Histograms, Control charts, Scatter diagrams {correlation diagrams}] / Benchmarking / Design of experiments / Statistical sampling / Additional Quality Planning Tools {Brainstorming, Force field analysis, Nominal group technique, Quality Management and control tools} / Meetings Outputs: Quality Management plan / Process Improvement plan {Process boundaries, Process configuration, Process metrics, Targets for improved performance} / Quality Metrics / Quality checklist / Project Document updates ----- Perform Quality Assurance: Is the process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality control measurements to ensure that appropriate quality standards and operational definitions are used. Facilitates improvement of quality processes. Inputs: Quality Management plan / Process Improvement plan / Quality Metrics / Quality Control Measurements / Project documents Tools and Techniques : Quality Management and control tools {Affinity diagrams, Process decision program charts(PDPC), Interrelationship digraphs, Tree diagrams (aka systematic diagrams), Prioritization matrices, Activity network diagrams (include both Activity on Arrow (AOA) and Activity on Node(AON)), Matrix diagrams, Quality audits, Process analysis Outputs: Change Requests / Project Management plan updates / Project document updates / Organizational process assets updates ----------- Control Quality: Control Quality is the process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes. Prevention - Keeping errors out of the process inspection - keeping errors out of the hands of the customer Attribute sampling - the result either conforms or does not conform Variables sampling - the result is rated on a continuous scale that measures the degree of conformity Tolerances - specified range of acceptable results Control limits - that identifies the boundaries of common variation in a statistically stable process or process performance Inputs: Project Management plan / Quality Metrics { function points, mean time between failure, mean time to repair } / Quality checklists / Work performance data / Approved change requests / Deliverables / Project documents / Organizational process assets Tools and Techniques: Seven basic quality tools / Statistical sampling / Inspection / Approved change requests review Outputs: Quality control measurements / Validated changes / Verified deliverables {input to validate scope for formal acceptance} / Work performance information / Change requests / Project management plan updates / Project document updates / Organizational Process assets updates
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